Overcoming auto dependence: the Singapore way
| Overcoming auto dependence: the Singapore way | |||
| TRAFFIC CALMING | FAVORING ALTERNATE MODES | ECONOMIC PENALTIES | NON-AUTO- DEPENDENT LAND USES |
| To start with, less space to make roads to cater to private cars. | Heavy investment in mass rapid transit systems. | High cost of car ownership and use through high taxes on cars and fuel and certificates of entitlement to purchase cars. | Planning totally based around the integration of high-density, mixed-use nodes at rail stations on the rapid transit system. |
| Limited use of pedestrian and formal traffic calming schemes. | Priority given to buses | High parking charges. | Increasing orientation toward pedestrains and cyclists for local access to nodal centers and transit. |
| Increasing pedestrian orientation in central area through wide sidewalks, for instance. | Heavy parking restrictions. | Land-use planning predicated on encouraging non-auto modes. | |
| Development of circumferential and radical rail transit services. | |||
| Source: Peter Newman and Jeffery Kenworthy, Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence, Island Press, California, US, 1999, p193 | |||